Modernity & Modernism.

Modern was a negative term. Originally modern artists were socially 'below' classical artists.
Through 19th Century, modern becomes purely about progress.
1900 - shift in society - URBANISATION
Factory work in cities became most common employment - where used to be farming in small communities.
Changes in transport - trains.
Changes in communication - telegraph/telephone.
FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES OF LIFE.
Leisure activities change.
Shopping
cinemas
music halls

The city becomes the centre of modernity and is synonymous with the term.
STANDARDIZED WORLD CLOCK
factories introduce shifts.

Eiffel tower.
A direct effect of modernism.
built using purely modernist design

Enlightenment - late 18th century when scientific/philosophical thinking improved massively.
SECULARISATION
HAUSSMANISATION
Hausmann - Architect tasked with revamping Paris city centre.

Paris - 1850 onwards... A NEW PARIS
Large boulevards in favour of narrow streets
Form of social control. (social engineering)
Areas were easier to police
Inner city became an expensive middle class & upper class area. Middle & lower were pushed out of the centre because of the modernisation.
Pschology emerged due to peoples perception of how modernisation was affecting them.
No cohesion within society because of massive physical divide of classes and areas.
Boredom-distraction-alienation became worries.

New Technologies. KAISERPANORAMA 1885
People preferred to view the new world through new technologies. a new way of seeing things?
However new technologies were also very shocking.
first cinema showings, people fled in terror etc. LUMIERE BROTHERS

Modernism is the artists subjective response to their experience of modernity

flying machines that took people to parts of the world they'd never before seen.

People believe painting is no longer necessary due to the introduction of photography.
Painters were therefore forced to look for a new style in which to keep people interested in 'traditional' media.

MODERNISM IS A DIRECT RESPONSE TO NEW TECHNOLOGIES & THE SHIFT IN SOCIETY 
Anti-historicism
Truth to materials (letting modern materials speak for themselves)
Form following function (form is dictated by its purpose)
Technology
Internationalism (art & design should speak universally)

Adolf Loos "ornament is crime" 1908
Felt that people shouldn't feel the need to aestheticise/flourish/decorate.
MASS PRODUCTION became massive due to ideals of Bauhaus movement.

Harry Beck, London underground map
Herbert Bayer's typeface- get rid of capitals.
Times new roman-1932-after futura.
MODERNITY - 1750-1960 Social, cultural experience. 
IMPORTANCE OF MODERNISM 
1. A vocabulary of styles.
2. Art&design education
3. Idea of form following function.