The art in the age of mechanical reproduction - Walter Benjamin (1936)
Art in the age of mass media - John Walter
Simulacra & simulation - Jean Baudrillard (1981)
Implications of technology on different design areas
Technological conditions can affect the collective consciousness
- materialism // it's effect on society.
Triggers important changes in cultural development
By copying something - mimicking - it becomes a work of art in itself, because it has been altered by the copying process . It's a work on its own // image representation.
Relationship between art, design & media can be summed up by the doodles on the previous page, copying an image three times from an original sketch, each one differs from the last.
MACHINE AGE - modernism
Walter Benjamin
- commited suicide after the war
- the age of technology and art
- A duality expressing the zeitgeist
- Dialectical due to the copy, reproductive nature and the role of the original
-The 'aura' and uniqueness of art
Never would have had to think about this without the emergence of technology and developments in reproduction processes and quality.
Photography is the beginning of the technological art, art/design relationship.
- Isn't only what you see // photography creates multiple viewing points
Dziga Vertov - Man with a movie camera (1929)
The cameras eye has a variable gaze.
represents technological progress and faith in it.
Paul Valery
Moholy Nagy
-Photograms
Early experiments with photographic technology
Benjamin and two parallels
Freud & Marx
Freud - obsessed with the subconscious and the material aspects of technology
Marx - Looked at the economics of art - economics & value of a piece.
the value of art can change because of consumer nature due to endorsement etc
Consumerism & reproduction can add value to art
Celebrity-ism adds further.
"photography overturned the judgement seat of art"
Margot Lovejoy
How technology can express deepest subconscious
-virtual realities/surrealism
Kineticism
-Capturing movement - Etienne Joules Maret
images of the moving body , 'chronophotography' 1888 was the forefather to cinematography.
Explores how time - duration - space can be depicted in art and photography through the development of technology.
De-materialisation of art
-moving image - recorded image moves away from form and object and become JUST IMAGE
This makes it easier to copy / reproduce.
Richard Hamilton - 1922
- collage
technology to create image
images are ordered, coded and styled
beginning of art and design merging.
-Printed image is part of everything.
Karl Marx & techology
- Technological determinism
- believes theres a logical relationship between economical production & social factors.
- alienation - works as a tool
-technology drives history
-technology and division of labour
-materialist view of history
-technology, capitalism & production
-social alienation of people from aspects of human nature as a result of capitalism.
alienated from distinctive creativity and community
ELECTRONIC AGE - post modernism
post modern & post machine
- Many electronic works were still made with a modern aesthetic
- Emergence of information & conceptual works.
- Computer is a natural metaphor.
- Spirit of openness to industrial techniques - much more cased in consumerism & materialism
- Collaborations in art & science.
- Boundaries are broken between distinct areas of art as a result of technology.
Chalayan...
Conceptualisation of fashion
divergence of factors
>Douglas Rosenberg - Falling/falling
-Electronic/video work showing collaborations between many areas of art & design
video itself becomes an object, something that can be displayed in an exhibition.
>Douglas Rosenberg - Venus Flow
Shift in attitude for discovery of post modern age
Simulation - reflection of a profound reality.
A copy of something real...
Simulacrum states a simulation then becomes a work in its own right.
Real > illusion
Original > copy
Distorts profound reality.
yet can become reality in its own right, and doesn't need to appear realistic. fantastic...
ONE CAN REPLACE ANOTHER
Word of mouth masks the absence of the thing itself > so it is taken as fact / reality.
Nam June Paik
Plays with the idea of real and virtual
> Two go hand in hand
> whos watching who?
John Walker (2001)
criticises the use -art and mass media.
-art in advertising
-artists as celebrity
(Andy Warhol)
DIGITAL AGE
- Digital potential leads to multimedia productions
- Technological reproduction of all images so they are addressed by the computer...
Jenny Holzer - transforms through projection.
Blue tilt (2004)
Baltic (2004)
Extension of gallery space beyond its actual size... to the outside...
Frank Gillette
the human race machine
Developed technology for morphing faces . Collaborated with the FBI
Multimedia work
-Interactivity
-Performance
-Transdisciplinary
-Time, space and motion explored in art & design, also as art
-Collaborations
Hyper-real - reality by proxy.
- art comments on ideology of everyday life
- technology blurs the line between production of fine art & commercial design production
- art can be expressive or progressive.
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